成人高考学位英语题型解读秘籍(四)

发布人:山东成人高考网 2021-07-16 10:14:03

成人高考学位英语题型解读秘籍(四)

第七部分 挑错

一、大纲要求

挑错测试的是学生掌握词汇、短语及语法结构的熟练程度。挑错题的考查形式主要有两种。一种是单句辨错,每个句子含有标着 A、B、C、D 的四个画线部分,其中有一处是错误的,要求考生从四个画线部分中挑出其错误的部分。第二种是短文辨错,要求考生根据上下文找出短文中的错误,并将有错误的部分填入答题卡上相应的位置。

二、解题思路

1.单句辨错

单句辨错题要求考生挑出错误即可,不用改正,难度相对较低。答题步骤为:

①不能只看 4 个选项,应把 4 个选项放在全句中进行考虑,从整个句子的结构及句意来发现错误。

②看句子的主语、谓语及宾语是否完整。

③看时态、语态、主谓次序、介词搭配是否一致。

④检查名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词等的用法是否有误。

⑤答案做好后,再通读一遍全句,认真检查、核对答案。

2.短文辨错

短文辨错题考查面广,主要包括语法、词汇、句型结构、逻辑推理以及语篇等知识的综合运用和辨析。考生要注重对文章整体内容的理解和把握,分析其中结构复杂的句子,理清内在的逻辑关系(如因果、并列、转折、递进等)。答题步骤为:

①通读整篇短文,把握文章主旨大意。

②逐行细查,逐词分析。

③通篇检查,确保准确率。

注意:要了解规则,规范答题。特别要注意错词和漏词的做题要求,规范使用添词和删词符号。

三、考点精析

1.用词错误

(1)名词

名词方面常见的错误是可数名词和不可数名词的错用,名词单复数的错用以及名词前冠 词的错漏,有时还会考查名词所有格的使用。

【例 1】Try to get as much informations as you can.

【答案】informations→information

【解析】本题考查不可数名词。句意:努力收集尽可能多的信息。information 是不可数名词,不能加 s。

下面的单词既是可数名词又是不可数名词:

experience 经历(可数名词),经验(不可数名词)

exercise 练习(可数名词),锻炼(不可数名词)

room 房间(可数名词),空间(不可数名词)

time 倍数(可数名词),时间(不可数名词)

部分抽象名词可与 a/an 连用,此时词义发生变化,表示某种事或人。这些词包括:surprise,pleasure,shock,honour,help,success 等。

(2)动词

动词方面常见的错误有动词时态错误、语态错误、主谓不一致、非谓语动词使用错误、动词搭配不当以及情态动词使用错误等。

【例 2】We have studied most of the book by the end of last week.

【答案】have→had

【解析】by 后跟表示过去的时间状语时,对应的时态应该是过去完成时,因此 have 应该为 had。

常见考点及难点:

①后面只能跟动名词的动词和动词短语:

admit(承认),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),delay(拖延),deny(否认),dislike(不喜欢),enjoy(喜欢),escape(逃跑),excuse(为……辩解),fancy(喜欢), finish(完成),imagine(想象),keep(保持),mind(介意),miss(错过),postpone(推迟), practise(练习),suggest(建议),require(需要),risk(冒险)等。

②常见的后面跟动词不定式的动词和动词短语:

afford(能承担),arrange(安排),apply(申请),choose(选择),decide(决定), demand(要求),expect(期望),hesitate(犹豫),fail(失败),long(渴望),manage

(设法),offer(提出要做),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),promise(允诺),refuse

(拒绝),determine(下决心),try one’s best(努力做),make an attempt(试图)等。

③既可接动名词也可接不定式但意义不同的动词: forget to do/doing sth. 忘记要做某事/忘记做过某事remember to do/doing sth. 记得要做某事/记得做过某事regret to do/doing sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾/后悔做了某事stop to do/doing sth. 停下来做另一件事/停止正在做的事go on do/doing sth. 继续做另一件事/继续做正在做的事

(3)形容词和副词

形容词和副词方面常见的错误表现为形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的误用,形 容词和副词的混用等。

【例 3】This room is twice large than ours.

【答案】large→larger

【解析】本题考查形容词比较级的应用。句意:这间房比我们房间的两倍。than 是比较级的标志,形容词原级要改成比较级。

常见考点:

①quite,so,too 等副词后+形容词原级;

much,even,still,far 等副词+形容词比较级。

②用比较级表达最高级含义的句式:

A+be+形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词; A+be+形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词。

(4)介词

介词方面常见的错误多为介词的误用、漏用和多用,主要考查考生对介词基本含义和常 用介词短语的掌握。

【例 4】We need to be warned with rats.

【答案】with→of

【解析】本题考查固定搭配。句意:我们要当心老鼠。be warned of 为固定短语,意为“当心”。

(5)冠词

冠词方面常见的错误表现为不定冠词 a、an 的混用,定冠词 the 的误用和漏用,以及定冠词和不定冠词的错用。

【例 5】Her sister, who is an nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.

【答案】an→a

【解析】本题考查冠词的使用。句意:她的妹妹,一个护士,下周要和医院里的一个医 生结婚。nurse 的发音以辅音开头,冠词要用 a。

(6)代词

代词方面常见的错误多为代词单复数形式的误用、不定代词的误用等。

【例 6】The boy was made stay at home doing their homework.

【答案】their→his

【解析】本题属于人称代词误用。句意:那个男孩被留在家里写作业。与 the boy 相对应的物主代词是 his,故将 their 改为 his。

(7)连词

连词方面常见的错误表现为并列连词和从属连词的误用,主要考查考生对句子间逻辑关 系的把握。

【例 7】Though he tried his best, but he failed.

【答案】删去 but

【解析】本题考查连词的使用。句意:尽管他尽了最大的努力,但他失败了。though 和 but 不能同时出现。

2.语法错误

(1)动词的时态

【例 8】I think he would win the game, but he didn’t.

【答案】think→thought

【解析】本题考查动词的时态。句意:我以为他能赢,但是他没有。句子前后时态应保 持一致,且句中所说的想法已经是过去的事,所以 think 要用过去式。

(2)虚拟语气

【例9】I suggest that the gril loses some weight.

【答案】loses→lose

【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。句意:我建议那个女孩儿减减肥。suggest 后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式,should 可以省略,故应用 lose 的原形。

(3)被动语态

【例 10】Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepare in many different ways.

【答案】prepare→prepared

【解析】本题考查被动语态。句意:玉米是一种很有用的植物,可以被以多种方式利用。

corn 与 prepare 之间是被动关系,故应使用被动语态。

(4)从句

【例 11】I met a woman in the street whom I thought was Tom’s mother.

【答案】whom→who

【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。句意:我在街上遇见了一个女人,我以为她是

Tom 的母亲。先行词指人,引导词在从句中作主语,要用 who。

(5)主谓一致

【例 12】Neither we nor he have foreseen (that) things would turn out this way.

【答案】have→has

【解析】本题考查主谓一致。句意:不管是我们,还是他,都没有料到事情会变成这样。 在 not only…but also,not…but,neither…nor,either…or,there be…句型中,谓语动词的选

择遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词的单复数由相邻的主语来确定。

当两个名词用

with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与前面的主语保持一致。本句中谓语动词应与主语 Jackie 保持一致,故应改为第三人称单数形式。

当 each,neither,either 以及由 every,any,no,some 与 one,body,thing 构成的不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但 none 作主语时谓语动词用单复数都行。另外,当 every, each,no 作定语时,即使用 and 连接两个主语,谓语动词也用单数。

3.语意错误

【例 13】I am afraid of taking a bus usually. The awful smell of the bus drives me mad and makes me feel carsick. But today I did feel carsick. I can defeat carsickness finally.

【答案】did→didn’t

【解析】本题考查对文义的理解。上文说“我”害怕坐公共汽车,难闻的味道让“我”发疯,使“我”头晕。下文说“我”终于克服了晕车。所以这里有转折的意思,此处的 did 要改为 didn’t。

第八部分 写作

一、万能句子

(一)段首句

1.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to() . Some people believe that (). 

 2.俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying(). It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.

3.现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……。其次,……。更

为糟糕的是……

Today, (), which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, (). Second,(). What makes things worse is that ().

4.现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……

Nowadays, it is common to() . Many people like()because() . Besides,().

5 任何事物都有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides() and is not an exception, and it has both advantages and disadvantages.

6.关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,……

People’s opinions about ()vary from person to person. Some people say that() .To them,() .

7.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem ()which is becoming more and more serious.

 8.……已成为人们关注的热门话题,特别是在年轻人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。

()has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9.……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时 也引发一些严重的问题。

()has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10.根据表格/图表/条形图/线形图中的数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比可以看出……。很显然……,但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the table/chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen that() . Obviously,() , but why?

(二)中间段落句

1.相反,有一些人赞成……,而且,他们认为……

On the contrary, there are some people in favor of() . At the same time, they say().

2.但是,我认为这不是解决……的好办法,比如……。最糟糕的是……

But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve() . For example, (). Worst of all,().

3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而 且……,最重要的是……

()is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First,(). What’s more, (). Above all,().

4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以……

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can() .

5.面临……,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的的方法来……。一方面……,另一方面…… Confronted with , we should take a series of effective measures to(). Forone thing, (). For another,().

6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……,另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……

It is high time that something was done about it. For example, (). In addition,() .

All these measures will certainly() .

7.为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……:第三个原因是……。总的来 说……的主要原因是……

Why()? The first reason is that (). The second reason is that() . The third is that (). For all these, is mainly due to .

8.然面,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,……也有它的不利的一面,像……

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides(), also has its own

disadvantages, such as ().

9.尽管如此,我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ()is more advantageous.

10.我完全同意……这种观点,主要理由如下:

()I fully agree with the statement that()

(三)结尾句

1.至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that (). 

2.总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来…… 

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of (). Only inthis way can we()in the future.

3.随着社会的发展,……因此,迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会页献自己的一份 力量,这个社会将会变得越来越好。

With the development of society,(). So it’s urgent and necessary to() .

 If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

4.至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为……更合理。只有这样,我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to() . Only in this way can we().

5.依我看,有必要……。原因如下:第一,……;第二,……;最后但同样重要的是…… 

In my opinion, it is necessary to(). The reasons are as follows. First, ()  . Second, () . Last but not least,  ().

6.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而,就 我个人而言,我发现……

It is difficult to say whether ()is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of() . However, from a personal point of view, I find().

7.综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that().

8.如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是……

If we don’t take useful means, we may not be able to control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is () .

二、写作模板

(一)英语书信的常见写作模板开头部分:

How nice to hear from you again.

Let me tell you something about the activity.

I’m glad to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.

结尾部分:

With best wishes.

I’m looking forward to your reply.

I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

(二)口头通知常见写作模板称呼语及开场白部分:

Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.

正文部分:

All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes.

Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late.

结束语部分:

Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you.

(三)议论文模板

1.正反观点式议论文模板导入:

第 1 段: Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)

正文:

第 2 段: Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点)

Here are the reasons. First..Second...Finally...(列出 2~3 个赞成的理由) 第 3 段: However, the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)

Their reasons are as follows. In the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出 2~3 个反对的理由)

结论:

第 4 段 : Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it.(个人观点)

2.“A 或者 B”类议论文模板导入:

第 1 段: Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.

正文:

第 2 段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(赞同 A 的原因)

第 3 段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出 1~2 个 B 的优势) 结论:

第 4 段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出结论)

3.观点论述类议论文模板导入:

第 1 段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.(亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows.(过渡句,承上启下)

正文:

第 2 段: First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出 2~3 个赞成或反对的理由) 结论:

第 3 段: In conclusion, I believe that...(照应第 1 段,构成“总—分—总”结构) 4.“ How lo”类议论文模板

导入:

第 1 段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题正文:

第 2 段 : Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be more effective. First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出 2~3 个解决此类问题的办法)

结论:

第 3 段 : These are not the best but only two/three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

(四)图表作文写作模板

The chart gives us an overall picture of the(图表主题). The first thing we notice is that(图表最大特点) .This means that(进一步说明).

We can see from the statistics given that(图表细节一). After v-ing(细节一中的第一个变化), the v-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化). The figures also tell us that(图表细节二). In the column, we can see that accounts for(进一步描述).

Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that( 结 论 ). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that(给出原因)./ It is high time that we(发出倡议).

(五)图画类写作模板开头:

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

衔接句:

As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that..../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

结尾句:

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...

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